The walsh and chapman sea ice data set provides a long record of arctic sea ice concentrations on a monthly basis for 18702011. The passive microwave sea ice concentration climate data record cdr dataset is generated using daily gridded. September was chosen to highlight the change in the arctic minimum sea ice concentration through time. Sea ice extent provided by the national snow and ice data center nsidc is available from 19792020 for the northern hemisphere, southern hemisphere, and globe. Prior to the analysis, biases of individual sst measurement types are estimated for a homogenized longterm time series of global mean sst. Daily 4 km arctic sea ice concentration, version 1. It is a source for consistently processed ice extent and concentration images and data values since 1979. The irregularity is manifest in what appears to be an artificial swe boundary extending across north america. This article will deal primarily with its determination from remote sensing measurements. Noaa highresolution blended analysis of daily sst and ice. Apr 16, 2020 welcome to nasa earth observations, where you can browse and download imagery of satellite data from nasas earth observing system. The product is a current depiction of the location of the ice edge. Nimbus5 esmr polar gridded sea ice concentrations, version 1.
Sea ice concentration, ice temperature, and snow depth. Georg heygster, gunnar spreen, christian melsheimer, malte gerken, justus notholt, institute of environmental physics, university of bremen, germany, 20152017. Before the analysis is computed, the satellite data is adjusted for biases using the method of reynolds 1988 and reynolds and marsico. Sea ice in the arctic grew to its annual maximum extent on march 17, 2018, joining 2015, 2016, and 2017 as the years with the lowest maximum extents on record, according to scientists at the national snow and ice data center nsidc and nasa. Digital atlas shows alaska sea ice history since 1850. Arctic daily sea ice concentration from arctic minimum 2016 to arctic maximum 2017 2016 arctic sea ice wintertime extent hits another record low march 28, 2016 nasa study shows global sea ice diminishing, despite antarctic gains feb. Killer whale presence drives bowhead whale selection for sea. The animations below show the continuous motion of the arctic sea ice during 2008, from january 1 through september 14, the week during which the arctic sea ice reached its minimum extent.
Bootstrap sea ice refers to a wellknown algorithm used to estimate sea ice concentration from passive microwave brightness temperatures. The sea ice concentration dataset is on a 25km cell size grid covering both arctic and antarctic polar regions. They are the input data that the sea ice index is derived from. Sea ice concentration data from hadisst ncar climate data. Sea ice concentration data from hadisst climate data guide. These data are available as gridded ice concentration data and in other formats in gridded monthly sea ice extent and concentration, 1850 onward, version 2. The analysis uses in situ and satellite ssts plus ssts simulated by sea ice cover. Noaa optimum interpolation oi sea surface temperature sst. Nearrealtime ssmi polar gridded sea ice concentrations nrtsi. The hadley centre global sea ice and sea surface temperature hadisst is a combination of monthly globally complete fields of sst and sea ice concentration for 1871present. Osi430b is the corresponding interim cdr, an operational extension with a latency of 16 days osi450 is a full reprocessing of sea ice concentration, with improved algorithms and an upgraded processing.
Sea ice and snow cover extent snow and ice national. Sea ice extent provided by the national snow and ice data center nsidc is. Viirs ice products without mask jpss edrs ice surface temperature arctic. To access these data and learn more about them, see the following links. Because sea ice concentration is a proportion, it was logittransformed.
Sea ice concentrations from nimbus7 smmr and dmsp ssmi passive microwave data. If modis thermal infrared data are available for the merging, the product allows improved resolution of leads and polynyas and a more accurate resolution of the sea ice edge. As of 3rd december 2010 we have reprocessed the data from january 2009 to. These data are not part of the sea ice index archive. The masieamsr2 masam2 daily 4 km sea ice concentration is a prototype concentration product that is a blend of two other daily sea ice data products. A new global sea ice concentration climate data record osi450 is the second major version of the osi saf global sea ice concentration climate data record sic cdr v2. Each daily file includes four different sea ice concentration variables. The sea ice data derived from amsre using the artist sea ice asi algorithm offer a factor of 4 finer spatial resolution than most sea ice data sets from passive microwave satellite instruments.
If nothing happens, download github desktop and try again. A summary of the theoretical basis and initial performance of the algorithms that are used to derive sea ice concentration, ice temperature, and snow depth on sea ice. Sea ice extent and concentration v2, noaansidc, arctic. This data set provides monthly sea ice concentration for the arctic from 1901 to 1995 and for the southern oceans from 1973 to 1990 on a standard 1degree grid cylindrical projection to provide a relatively uniform set of sea ice extent for all longitudes. Overfrozen leads show up as reduced sea ice concentration, but are still distinguishable from the thicker surrounding sea ice. Sea ice monthly averages university of california, san diego.
Sea ice concentration maps daily and monthly sea ice concentration maps near. The sea ice concentration cdr provides a consistent, daily and monthly, time series of sea ice concentrations for both the north and south polar regions on a 25 km x 25 km grid. Advanced microwave scanning radiometer 2 amsr2 earthdata. Downward longwave irradiance dli and surface solar irradiance ssi, sea ice concentration, edge, type, emissivity, drift. Sea ice index images also depict trends and anomalies in ice cover calculated using a 30year reference period of 1981 through 2010. In the arctic, the sea ice extent was 6% below the 19812010 average but above the february values for the past six years. The exercise will begin by introducing a chain of operations to go from reading in the sea ice concentration data, to. The sea ice concentration data are packed into byte format by multiplying the derived fractional sea ice concentration floatingpoint values ranging from 0. Osi430b is the corresponding interim cdr, an operational extension with a latency of 16 days osi450 is a full reprocessing of sea ice concentration, with improved algorithms and an upgraded processing chain, covering the. Sea ice data products sea ice national oceanic and. Mar 12, 2020 advanced microwave scanning radiometer 2 amsr2 note. The exercise will begin by introducing a chain of operations to go from reading in the sea ice concentration data, to outputting a.
Sea ice concentration and snow extent, global 1 day ssmi. June 2002, can be downloaded here from the dataportal for the arctic and antarctic. Sea ice extent 1978 present dataset science on a sphere. Arctic sea ice concentration and extent from danish. Daily and monthly averaged sea ice concentrations from the nimbus5 electrically scanning microwave radiometer esmr are available for the arctic and antarctic from 12 december 1972 through 31 december 1976 at 25 km gridded resolution.
Nov 18, 2018 the sea ice index provides a quick look at arctic and antarcticwide changes in sea ice. The problem affected hadisst fields from january 2009 and probably causes an underestimate of ice extent and concentration. How to display and analyze the sea ice concentrations from nimbus7 smmr and dmsp ssmissmis passive. Sea ice concentration graphic stage of development graphic. Sea ice concentrations from nimbus7 smmr and dmsp ssmissmis passive microwave data, version 1 this data set is generated from brightness temperature data and is designed to provide a consistent time series of sea ice concentrations spanning the coverage of several passive microwave instruments. These data comprise an estimate of the fraction of ocean area covered by sea ice that is produced by combining concentration estimates created using two algorithms. Viirs ice products without mask jpss edrs ice surface temperature antarctic. The service is part of the gmes project polar view and of the arctic regional ocean observing system arctic roos. The map of sea ice concentration anomalies shows lowerthanaverage sea ice cover over a significant portion of the arctic ocean perimeter, most prominently in the chukchi sea near the bering strait, but also in the beaufort sea and baffin bay north of canada as well as the denmark strait and barents sea north atlantic sector. Sea ice concentrations 1987 20 dataset science on a. The atlas allows users to view and download sea ice concentration data around alaska from 1850 to the present. Global sea ice concentration climate data record v2 osi450. Hadley centre sea ice and sea surface temperature data set. Please note that sea ice extent figure on top of the page and sea ice area representing different parameters from the same sea ice concentration data set, providing therefore different information.
It is defined as the area of sea ice relative to the total at a given point in the ocean. Noaa climate data record cdr of passive microwave sea ice. We have identified a potential irregularity in the amsru2 snow water equivalent data set. Sea ice concentration data from noaa oi climate data guide. The alaska ocean observing system aoos, alaska center for climate assessment and policy accap, and scenarios network for alaska and arctic planning snap are pleased to announce release of the first ever digital atlas of historical sea ice concentration for the beaufort, chukchi, and bering seas. Monthly images show sea ice extent with an outline of. The data are gridded on the nsidc polar stereographic grid with 25 x 25 km grid cells and are available in netcdf file format. Sea ice concentration data is missing for dec 6th 1987 jan 10th 1988. The sea ice edge is defined by the 15% ice concentration contour in the threeday moving average of the amsre 12. The special sensor microwaveimager ssmi is the current monitoring instrument.
The decrease in sea ice coverage is apparent in this dataset. The passive microwave sea ice concentration climate data record cdr dataset is generated using daily gridded brightness temperatures from the defense meteorological satellite program dmsp series of special sensor microwave imager ssmi passive microwave radiometers onboard f8, f11 and f, and from the special sensor microwave imagersounder ssmis data. The term ice concentration refers to the percent of ice coverage in the sensors pixel area, not the thickness of the ice. Rather, they must be specially processed to provide a continuous time series say of daily values that when averaged over the month yield the observed. No warranty, expressed or implied, is made regarding the accuracy or utility of the data. Over 50 different global datasets are represented with daily, weekly, and monthly snapshots, and images are available in a variety of formats. Sea ice concentration national climatic data center. It downloads daily sea ice concentration grids within a defined time range together with an optional averaged composite of all downloaded data. Ads classic will be deprecated in may 2019 and retired in october 2019. Modis sea ice and ice surface temperature overview these level 2 and 3 products provide sea ice ist, or ice surface temperture, at 1km level 2 and 0.
This exercise presents a method to calculate sea ice extent from sea ice concentration data, using arcgis. Mar 24, 2020 sea ice, depth, and coastline raster and vector data were imported and projected using the sp package in r 47, 48. New and improved sea ice concentration cdr and icdr. It is a 1 x 1 spatially infilled data set that is it is intended as a consistent analyses for input into sst analyses or as boundary conditions for models. Monthly sea ice concentration is given in a 14 degree latitude by 14 degree longitude grid. Arctic and southern ocean sea ice concentrations, version.
Sea ice concentration national climatic data center noaa. Sea ice concentration and snow extent, global 1 day ssm. Sea ice map calculated from amsr2 data using the artist sea ice algorithm asi 5. In february 2020, both the arctic and antarctica saw below average sea ice cover compared to the 19812010 average. Over 50 different global datasets are represented with daily, weekly, and monthly snapshots, and images are. The noaa optimal interpolation oi v2 sea ice data set contains gridded, weekly or monthly resolution sea ice concentration estimates for both the northern and southern hemispheres. Viirs ice products with mask jpss edrs sea ice concentration antarctic. The monthly sea ice index provides a quick look at arcticwide changes in sea ice. This product provides observed sea ice concentration, stage of development, and partial concentration of sea ice types.
Data is from sep 1981 and is on a 14 deg global grid. Sea ice extent sinks to record lows at both poles climate. Shrinking of artic sea ice concentration, especially in summers. It is the first digital atlas of historical sea ice concentration for alaskas beaufort, chukchi, and bering seas, and allows users to view and download sea ice concentration data from 1850 to. It is a source for consistent, uptodate sea ice extent and concentration images, in png format, and data values, in ascii text files, from november 1978 to the present.
Sea ice concentrations from nimbus7 smmr and dmsp ssmi. Welcome to nasa earth observations, where you can browse and download imagery of satellite data from nasas earth observing system. Monthly images show sea ice extent with an outline of the 30year 19812010 median extent for that month magenta line. The national snow and ice data center monitors sea ice concentrations using a satellite data record that begins in 1978. Osi430b is the corresponding interim cdr, an operational extension with a latency of 16 days. Apr 08, 2020 an improved equation is introduced to represent the ice sst relationship, which is used to produce sst data from observed sea ice concentrations.
This dataset provides a high quality climate data record cdr of sea ice concentration. The amip sea surface temperature and sea ice datasets. Prediction of arctic sea ice concentration using a fully. Monthly sea ice concentration for the marguerite bay area monthly sea ice concentration for the marguerite bay area dataset. Sea ice remote sensing databrowser university of bremen. The following figure shows the current sea ice area red. We report on results of a systematic intercomparison of 10 global sea ice concentration sic data products at 12. The sea ice index provides a quick look at arctic and antarcticwide changes in sea ice. Bootstrap sea ice refers to a wellknown algorithm used to estimate sea ice.
This image plots the maximum extent of sea ice concentration, which usually occurs in april each year. The sea ice data derived from amsre using the artist sea ice asi algorithm offer a factor of 4 finer spatial resolution than most sea ice data. This data set provides estimates of arctic sea ice extent and concentration from 1901 to 1956 created from a collection of historic, handdrawn sea ice charts from the danish meteorological institute dmi. Sea ice concentration data from nasa goddard and nsidc based. This data set is generated from brightness temperature data and is designed to provide a consistent time series of sea ice concentrations. The disappearance of the odden, a thumbshaped sea ice feature east of greenland. Sea ice index data and image archive national snow and. False ice concentrations can occur due to bad weather systems. Sic sea ice concentration sea ice concentration data from nasa goddard and nsidc based on bootstrap algorithm. The daily ice edge is analyzed by sea ice experts using multiple sources of near real time satellite data, derived satellite products, buoy data, weather, and analyst interpretation of current sea ice conditions. Spanning 1871present at monthly timesteps, hadisst provides the longest gridded sea ice data available for both the arctic and antarctic. The observed monthly mean sea surface temperature sst and sea ice concentration data cannot be directly used to force amip simulations.
The osi saf also offers climatological data records. Historical observations were gridded and combined with satellitederived sea ice concentrations for the recent decades. Please redirect your searches to the new ads modern form or the classic form. Weekly data the optimum interpolation oi sea surface temperature sst analysis is produced weekly on a onedegree grid. These products are analyzed by subject matter experts at the us national ice center using nearreal time satellite data and various additional meteorological and oceanographic data resources. The data are in ascii format and are available via ftp. In 1979, these sources give way to a single source. Historical sea ice atlas now online alaska ocean observing. Sea ice concentration maps daily and monthly sea ice concentration maps near real time, version 1 nsidc0673 19920101 sea ice concentrations from nimbus7 smmr and dmsp ssmissmis passive microwave data, version 1 nsidc0051. The passive microwave sea ice concentration climate data record cdr dataset is generated using daily gridded brightness temperatures from the defense meteorological satellite program dmsp series of special sensor microwave imager ssmi passive microwave radiometers onboard f8, f11 and f, and from the special sensor microwave imagersounder ssmis data onboard f17. Sea ice concentration and snow extent, global 1 day ssmi dmsp. Global sea ice concentration climate data record v2 osi.
Satellite passive microwave seaice concentration data set. The most widely used sea ice data sets for climate research are derived from passive microwave instruments, including smmr, ssmi, ssmis, amsre and amsr. Sea ice monthly and daily gridded data from 1978 to present derived. Other sea ice data sets are likely to contain different land sea masks. Sea ice concentration is a useful variable for climate scientists and nautical navigators. It also affected sea surface temperatures in sea ice areas because the ssts are estimated from the sea ice concentration see rayner et al. Daily amsre sea ice maps until 4 oct, 2011 this page presents the amsre sea ice concentrations calculated daily in near real time. Easily download and plot daily arctic sea ice concentration grids.
Similarly, because distances to shore, tagged killer whales, and sea ice edge and depths are all continuous positive, they were logtransformed. Other sea ice data sets are likely to contain different land sea. The osi saf team focuses on scatterometer winds and soon microwave winds, sea surface temperature sst and sea ice surface temperature ist, radiative fluxes. It is a source for consistent, uptodate sea ice extent and concentration images, in png format, and data values, in geotiff and ascii text files, from november 1978 to the present. Noaa climate data record cdr of passive microwave sea. The miz is very dynamic and affects the airocean heat transport, as well as being a significant factor in navigational safety. Jan 28, 2014 new atlas provides 160 years of historical data at your fingertips.